Foot and Ankle Disorders in Pregnancy: Biomechanical and Clinical Perspectives

Abstract

Pregnancy is associated with significant physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that predispose women to various musculoskeletal disorders, particularly affecting the foot and ankle. Alterations in body weight, posture, ligamentous laxity, and gait biomechanics contribute to the development of conditions such as plantar fasciitis, edema, flatfoot deformity, ankle instability, and nerve compression syndromes. These disorders can adversely affect mobility, quality of life, and daily functioning during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This article explores the biomechanical mechanisms underlying foot and ankle disorders in pregnancy, their clinical manifestations, diagnostic considerations, and management strategies. Understanding these changes is crucial for early identification and effective intervention to improve maternal musculoskeletal health.